Health

HPV vaccine licensed for girls 9 and older

11/9/2009 9:15:02 AM

By Jeff Hansel
Post-Bulletin, Rochester MN 

Cervical cancer is the second-deadliest cancer to women. It occurs because of the human papilloma virus, a sexually transmitted infection, says the National Institutes of Health.

Information

Higher risk: If you already have human papilloma virus, smoking, having had many children, using birth control pills for a long period of time and HIV infection could increase your risk of developing cervical cancer.

Screening: Pap tests and pelvic exams.

Prevention: A vaccine for girls and young women protects against the four types of HPV that cause most cervical cancers.

(Source: Medline Plus, the National Library of Medicine)

"When exposed to HPV, a woman's immune system typically prevents the virus from doing harm," says MayoClinic.com. "In a small group of women, however, the virus survives for years before it eventually converts some cells on the surface of the cervix into cancer cells. Cervical cancer occurs most often in women over age 30."

But you can protect your daughter from cervical cancer.

"There is now a vaccine that prevents the types of genital human papilloma virus (HPV) that cause most cases of cervical cancer and genital warts," says the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "The vaccine, Gardasil;, is given in three shots over six-months. The vaccine is routinely recommended for 11- and 12-year-old girls," and also for girls and women 13 through 26 who have not yet been vaccinated or completed the vaccine series. The vaccine is licensed for girls 9 and older, said Daniel Hudson, Immunization Clinic director at Olmsted Medical Center.

The CDC says the vaccine does not protect those already exposed to HPV. And about 30 percent of cervical cancers will not be prevented by it, so Pap tests remain important.

Also, the CDC notes, patients should wait in the doctor's office for 15 minutes after vaccination.

"Sometimes fainting is accompanied by falling with injury, as well as shaking or stiffening and other seizure-like activity," manufacturer Merck says.

Hudson said the most common side-effects of the inactivated vaccine include pain, redness and swelling around the injection site. The manufacturer recommends telling a health provider if there's trouble breathing, wheezing, hives or rash after vaccination.

But side-effects must be weighed against the American Cancer Society's estimate that 11,270 new cases of invasive cervical cancer will be diagnosed in 2009, and 4,070 women will die. That's why vaccination is important.

"I strongly recommend it. Anything that can protect against cancer or genital warts, it's great for the patient," Hudson said.

Vaccination also prevents spread of HPV to future sexual partners. But it's important the vaccine be given while girls are still young, before they become sexually active, Hudson said.

HPV vaccine will eventually be available for boys and men ages 9 to 26 because the Food and Drug Administration approved it for prevention of genital warts in October.

Reporter Jeff Hansel covers health for the Post-Bulletin. Read his blog, Pulse on Health.

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